The main difference between the phenolic resin and the other tackifying resin like rosinester, hydrocarbon, is the type of the bond strength on the surface of the rubber compounds. The resulting resin is known as phenol formaldehyde resin, commercially it is marketed by the name of bakelite. A typical resin has an initial molecular weight of 150 to perhaps 1500. Phenolic resin retains its chemical structure and its rigidity even at high temperatures. Epoxy resins are among the most versatile and widely used plastics in the electronics field. Within the last 15 years, a new generation of phenolic resins has emerged which are now processable under mild conditions using all the techniques available to the composites industry. The chain length of the resin molecule determines relevant properties of the photoresist. Thermal degradation and stability of acceleratedcuring. Ablative and mechanical properties of quartz phenolic. The polymerization reaction of phenol with formaldehyde is used to commercially prepare phenolic resins. Composite materials made with these resins are able to give similar structural properties to those of other commonly used resins. High performance thermoset composites phenolic resin.
This is mixed with different percentages of prepared sulfonated phenol formaldehyde resin spf. Phenol formaldehyde resins pf or phenolic resins are synthetic polymers obtained by the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde. Phenolic resin is the resin synthesized from the condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a catalyst. Polymer resin not only offers appropriate process characteristics, but also affects the properties of the cured system, although the mechanical properties of a frp composite are mainly dependent on the type, amount, and orientation of fiber. Phenolic resin properties of phenol formaldehyde and its. Used as the basis for bakelite, pfs were the first commercial synthetic resins plastics. The resins are flameretardant, demonstrate high heat resistance, high tensile strength, and low toxicity, and generate low smoke. Computed thermal and mechanical composite level properties are compared to experimental data to validate this approach. Phenol is used primarily in the production of phenolic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers. Phenolic novolac and resol resins phenolic thermosetting. They have excellent flame retardence, heat and chemical resistance, and electrical nonconductivity characteristics.
These are also the keys to the success of the bakelite brand, which has been at the forefront of the phenolics industry for over a century. The chemical structures of the resin, its physical and mechanical properties and later performance are investigated using different analytical. Synthesis and characterization of modified phenolic resins for. Phenol formaldehyde resin, also called phenolic resin, any of a number of synthetic resins made by reacting phenol an aromatic alcohol derived from benzene with formaldehyde a reactive gas derived from methane. Brydson, in plastics materials seventh edition, 1999. Experimental procedure resin synthesis and processing the model phenolic resins studied were synthesized using phenol, formaldehyde and one of three basic catalysts. Phenolic resin market size estimated to reach at usd 19. Phenolic materials are available in sheets, tubes, rods, blocks as well as specified shapes. You can taste and smell phenol at levels lower than those that are associated with harmful effects. Phenol formaldehyde resins were the first completely synthetic polymers to be commercialized. Bakelite is extensively used in electrical switches and automobiles due to its property of withstanding extreme conditions of. The added functionality of the phenolic resin increases the ability for the resin to crosslink, creating a stronger polymer with high resistivities. General description phenolic laminates are produced by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper, canvas, linen or glass cloth impregnated. Depending on resin structure, a variety of properties can be achieved.
Sbhpp resol resins are supplied both in liquid or solid form. They have been widely used for the production of molded products including billiard balls, laboratory countertops, and as coatings. Resol resins are phenol fomaldehyde thermoset resins obtained under base catalist conditions. Its color is good normally transparent and may be colorless it is good dimensional stability on heating up to about 300 degree f poor conductors of heat. Phenolic resin is a heatcured plastic formed from a reaction of a carbonbased alcohol and a chemical called aldehyde. Phenolic resins are widely used as high performance tackifiers in different kinds of rubbers. Quartz fabric having an areal weight of 680 gm2 and a resoletype phenolic resin were used to prepare the composites. Synthesis and characterization of modified phenolic resins. Studies on the synthesis and properties of terpenephenol. The mixture was prepared on clean glass substrate as a bulk films, at different thicknesses. Phenol evaporates more slowly than water, and a moderate amount can form a solution with water. In this work the ablative and mechanical properties of quartz phenolic composites were evaluated in order to identify the range of properties suitable for the use of these materials as thermal protection systems for space vehicles. Added in amounts from 5 to 15% of phenolic resin solids, they improve resin tack and prepressing, increase longassemblytime tolerance, shorten pressing times, and enhance resin.
The properties and costeffectiveness of these products often make them the insulators of choice in lowvoltage, dryservice electrical equipment. The free phenol and free formaldehyde content of the chinese firbased adhesive were sharply decreased compared to normal pf resin by more than 50 %. Low energy systems are stressed by resin customers in spite of cure. General description phenolic laminates are produced by applying heat and pressure to layers of paper, canvas, linen or glass cloth impregnated with synthetic thermosetting resins. Different systems of catalysis and cure acceleration of these resins, their principles of preparation, their physical properties, and adhesives formed by mixing or. Physical properties phenol is a colorless or white solid when it is pure. Multiscale modeling of carbonphenolic composite thermal. Phenolic resins are the binder of choice for manufacturing the carbon brushes used in electrical motors, starters and the like. A range of powdered phenolformaldehyde resins was studied to examine the.
Effect of composition and type of phenolic resin on mechanical properties and morphology of phenolic nanocomposites. This is represented by a threemember ring containing an oxygen atom that is bonded with two carbon atoms already united in some other way. Phenolic cotton fabric composites are ideal for fabricating a variety of rigid parts, including gears, pulleys, rollers, and guides that must operate in highfriction mechanical assemblies, such as bearings, clutches, and gear trains. Pdf effect of composition and type of phenolic resin on. Lignin economics will be a factor for its potential use in phenolic resins. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. G3 glass cloth phenolic resin this material is produced from woven fiberglass cloth and hightemperature phenolic resin. It should be noted that the resin akrochem p49 and p86 portion of reinforcing phenolic resins is only a moderate tackifier. Uses of phenol with the phenolic resins and their applications. Poly vinyl acetate pvapolyol were blended by weight 3. It is flexible, compressible and has impact good strength.
Technical data sheet paper phenolic laminated plastics. In the report, the phenolic resins market is segmented on the basis of product type, application, and region. G10 has extremely high mechanical strength, good dielectric loss properties, and electrical strength, both wet and dry. Mechanical properties and loss on ignition of phenolic and. Mcmastercarr is the complete source for your plant with over 595,000 products. Phenolic plastics engineering data table engineers edge. It is arguable that the adhesive and bonding market includes the composite wood and laminating applications because phenolic resin is. The escalating cost of energy and its impact on phenolic resin raw materials, resin production, and processing of phenolic resins by customers is of paramount importance. Development of polymer network of phenolic and epoxies resins. Actually the alkylation of the phenolic resin does not play a role in the mechanical properties.
The influence of the raw materials ratios, reaction temperature, reaction time, and catalyst dose on. The phenol formaldehyde have improved strength and dimensional stability and improved impact resistance and also cast resins. Phenolic plastics are composites made from the combining of phenol, aldehyde and formaldehyde and filler materials. Added in amounts from 5 to 15% of phenolic resin solids, they improve resin tack and prepressing, increase longassemblytime tolerance, shorten pressing times, and enhance resin functionality. The reaction of formaldehyde with phenol can lead to either a resole or a novolak type of phenolic resin. If good tack is needed in a compound, it is best to get a true tackifying phenolic resin ask akrochem technical service for help in choosing a proper tackifying resin. The polymer, based on phenolic resin, is phenolformaldehyde pf. Technical data sheet g3 glass cloth phenolic resin. The reaction between the ester and phenolic resin leads to curing and solidification. It is arguable that the adhesive and bonding market includes the composite wood and laminating applications because phenolic resin is the bonding material. Little work on the flow properties of powdered resin systems has been reported. Synthesis conditions of terpene phenol aldehyde resin with a high softening point were studied based on the reactions among.
Thermal degradation and stability of acceleratedcuring phenol formaldehyde resin yuzhu chen, dongbin fan, tefu qin and fuxiang chu. One of the great design strengths of composites is the multiple. Aging properties of phenolformaldehyde resin modified by biooil. It has good electrical properties and mechanical toughness, and it is very humidityresistant. A suitable catalyst system and the best processing conditions were obtained by laboratory experiments.
Phenolformaldehyde resin pf has been widely used in outdoor wooden products because of its excellent mechanical properties, thermal. The resin is hard, heat resistant, and can be mixed with a wide range of materials for industrial and residential uses. Because of these unique properties, phenolic resins find application in the manufacture of electrodes, carboncarbon composites, carbon seals, and washers. Grade n1 is excellent for highvoltage electrical insulators requiring low dielectric loss, high insulation resistance, and fungus resistance. Phenolic machinable plastic s are thermoset composite materials. Epoxy phenolic resins are phenolic resins modified at the phenolic hydroxyl group to include an epoxide functional group usually a ch 2c 2 h 3 o group, where c 2 h 3 o is the threemembered epoxide ring. We offer various types of phenolic resol resins which provide superior heat resistance, good flexibility, high.
Structures are widely variable, and the following conditions are known to affect the properties of the phenolic resin. Novolak resins are typically cured with 515% hexamethylenetetramine as the cross. Phenolic resins are ideal for high temperature applications where parts must meet fire safety, smoke emission, combustion and toxicity requirements. They have the advantage of high strength and stiffness achieved through a reinforcement material. Glass fiber or woven cotton with resins including phenolic or epoxy are blended to create sheet material. Specifically, phenolic resin properties were obtained from molecular dynamics simulations whereas carbon fiber properties were drawn from the experimental literature. Phenolic resin has retain properties at freezing temperatures. Glassbased phenolic material specifications g10s natural color is typically a yellowish to light green. Grade n1 is a staplefiber nylonfabric impregnated with a phenolic resin. Phenolformaldehyde resin chemical compound britannica.